Death and Freedom in Sorrows of a Young Werther and Crime...

Death and Freedom in Sorrows of a Young Werther and Crime and Punishment The relationship between death and freedom is a common thread throughout Sorrows of a Young Werther by Goethe and Crime and Punishment by Dostoevsky. The relationship illustrated in both works is that one cannot achieve true freedom until they are dead. Until death, Werther and Raskolnikov will always feel the restrictions that society places upon them. Werther feels restricted due to the unrequited love of Lotte and Raskolnikov feels restricted by the moral code that society establishes. In Sorrows of a Young Werther by Goethe and Crime and Punishment by Dostoevsky both characters’ exhibit their freedom through death. In Sorrows of a Young Werther, Werther†¦show more content†¦Both Raskolnikov and Werther view themselves as superior to society. Raskolnikov views himself as the Napoleonic great man and Werther views himself as the romantic egoistic. Raskolnikov believes that laws, restrictions, and a moral code only apply to the ignorant and naà ¯ve common man. Raskolnikov is very confident that the police will never be able to convict him of murder because he can outwit the common policeman. Raskolnikov also thinks that he will feel no guilt in committing the murder because he is so powerful and so important that he has the right to decide who is worthy of life. Due to these beliefs he feels that murdering the pawnbroker will confirm his power. Not only will the murder confirm his power but Raskolnikov thinks that if he murders her and feels no guilt, then he will prove that he is truly free from morals. Werther represents the romantic egoists because he thinks that love can conquer all. The fact that Werther is romantic egoist causes him to become obsessed with Lotte. This obsession causes sever suffering because his love is not a returned. It is not the fact that Werther cannot be with Lotte, but the fact that she does not love him and refuses to see him, that causes Werther to feel like he has no freedom. Werther views himself as a God like person and it is Lotte’s rejection that kills him. Weather’s suicide represents the ultimate expression of freedom because it

Police Brutality And Its Effects - 1973 Words

The term / issue of â€Å"Police Brutality† has been going on as early as the late 1800s and is something that still possibly has the same effect to its victims today. On August 22, 2006, a twelve year old girl, Dymond Milburn, was sent outside to go switch a circuit breaker. Then a van with three undercover officers came out and accused her of being a prostitute and were about to arrest her. One of the men grabbed Dymond and said â€Å"You’re a prostitute. You’re coming with me.† Like any other person, her first reaction was to run and call for help. One of the officers had their hand over her mouth and they then started beating her face, head , and throat. Her father heard her and told them â€Å"That’s our daughter. She’s twelve.† The officers†¦show more content†¦Another example that we are able to see is how there are different types of social forces that make it very easy for some people to be vulnerable to much c ontact with the police, eventually leading to police brutality itself. In the book, we are able to see many references and examples of police justifying their use of â€Å"excessive force† into â€Å"justifiable action†. Evidence shown from â€Å"Between The World And Me† would involve â€Å"that the PG County police had killed Elmer Clay Newman, then claimed he’d rammed his own head into the wall of a jail cell. And I knew that they’d shot Gary Hopkins and said he’d gone for an officer’s gun. And I knew they had beaten Freddie McCollum half-blind and blamed it all on a collapsing floor. And I had read reports of these officers choking mechanics, shooting construction workers, slamming suspects through the glass doors of shopping malls..† (Coates 75). We are also able to see how bad this situation was as it was described to be â€Å"with great regularity, as though moved by some unseen cosmic clock.† (Coates 76). In the article Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes by Devon W. Carbado, he gives his own theory as to why there is much police brutality towards people of the African American Community. A reason that Carbado gives is because it is possible for the police to make any excessive actions be justifiable. He says that â€Å"the reconfiguration of violence into justifiable force,Show MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Its Effects1413 Words   |  6 PagesPolice are supposed to enforce the law amongst people around the world, but unfortunately, some of the ways they enforce are unjust and unruly. Over the past decade, they have acted out in ways that have caused us to question whether or not they are fit for the job or if something should be changed. Police brutality is the malicious use of excessive force, often in the form of physical actions, but also common in verbal abuse and psychological intimidation by a police officer. The word â€Å"Brutality† Read MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society1610 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality in the USA Police brutality has adverse effects on society in its entirety and, hence, there is need to stop these acts so as to improve cohesiveness and the observation of the law in society. Police brutality is an old problem that has been around in this country for many years. Unfortunately, civilians have experienced it in their thousands, suffering varying degrees of damages, ranging from injuries or even loss of their lives at the hands of the brutal police. Even more dishearteningRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects1173 Words   |  5 Pages Police Brutality There are two type of police brutality, verbal and physical. The first type of police brutality is verbal abuse which can happen anytime when the police officer is doing a routine traffic stop. Sexual comments is a form of verbal abuse. Another type of police brutality is physical. Police brutality is when law enforcement uses excessive force when dealing with a civilian. Excessive force means well beyond what would be necessary to handle to situation, you don t want to getRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On The Relationship1243 Words   |  5 Pages Bad Blood: The Effects of Police Brutality on the Relationship Between Minorities and the Police Brandon Seigle June 16, 2017 CRJS 498 NC AT University ..................Column Break..................As children we are taught that not only are police officers our friends, but that their job is to protect and serve our communities. Unfortunately, for many minorities this image is shattered as incident after incident occurs in the streets of their communities. With today’s technology, theseRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On America Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years the rate of police brutality has increased in America. It has become one of the biggest headline in today’s news. Many African-Americans have become victims of police brutality. From young teenagers to mothers and daughters, even babies; whether the encounter was direct or indirect, all of which has encountered a form of police brutality. It’s not that the African-American community hates the police it’s their actions that we are upset and frustrated with. It’s their actions of beatingRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects2608 Words   |  11 PagesPolice brutality is a phenomena that is documented throughout a myriad of societies from Russia, China, Indonesia, Palestine, Egypt to the United States. Police brutality is the use of force which exceeds what is needed in order to accomplish a legal police purpose.Throughout America s history, minorities, specifically Black people, have been the disproportionate target of police brutality. Amnesty International has documented several examples of police brutality, including instances of beatingsRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On Society Essay2047 Words   |  9 Pages Police brutality has often been reported on the mass medias and in newspaper articles. Police Brutality is a form of police misconduct in which officers engage in an excessive use of force and or verbal attack. The purpose of this study was basic information concerning the topic â€Å"Police Brutality†. The study is to investigate â€Å"what are the causes and effects of police brutality in Belize and what recommendations are given to prevent such behavior?† It is very important to investigate police brutalityRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society Essay2173 Words   |  9 Pagesfew years, we have had to face the issues of police brutality in our society. In many cases, we see that history repeats itself and that is the case that we are facing now. We thought that we as humans are equal and no one is above anyone but the past few years that has not been the case. Police brutality is seen as an illegal or excessive force by police, whether to affect a lawful goal or to achieve a corrupt one. I do not have a problem with police using force when the situation they’re in callsRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On Minority Communities1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Police Brutality on Minority Communities Police brutality thrives in the inner city regions where minority communities live and work. Police brutality is a crime punishable by law and is often instigated by law enforcement officers who are either racially biased or prone to authority abuse and violent (re)actions. Allegations abound concerning police brutality with police officers using unnecessary or excessive force, committing battery, conducting illegal body searches and bullyingRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society1742 Words   |  7 Pagesyourself, what Police Brutality defines itself as? â€Å"Police Brutality is when an officer using more force than necessary to control a situation.† (Smith). Police Brutality occurs with OC spray, batons, stun guns, or handguns. But Police Brutality can also be seen with a use of threats or intimidation. In today’s world, we see plenty of stories all over social media, the news shows live broadcasts on protesters against the Police and excessive force. If you stop and look around, most of the Police Brutality

International Retail Marketing McDonalds and KFC

Question: Write about theInternational Retail Marketing for McDonalds and KFC. Answer: Comparison of McDonalds and KFC Following is the comparison of McDonalds and KFC on the basis of various different afctors such as why they have chosen internationalization, what are the afctors that have forces them to go global. The second point of difference is the multinational strategy, which will have emphasis on the way of carrying out the operations. The third point of comparison is the expansion strategy, which shows that which expansion strategy is used by KFC and McDonalds for having overseas operations. The fourth point of comparison or difference is the culture and the society for having successful and sustainable business operations, it is essential to understand the societal valise and culture of the host nation. Therefore, this point shows the manner in which KFC and McDonalds have directed their operations to have communal and societal support. The last point of difference and comparison is regulation which shows the various rules, laws and regulation; the companies have to face in order to have su stained global operations. Following is the in-depth analysis of the comparison and differences between KFC and McDonalds on the basis of the above mentioned factors. Why Internationalization KFC In the year 1987, KFC entered into the markets of China by having first global presence in Beijing. The primary reason behind the internationalization of KFC was the saturated and concentrated domestic market. The company has made its recognized presence in the approximately all the regions of America. Thus, the company was restricted and was not able to have further expansion in the country (Wei and Cacho, 2000). The second primary reason behind the globalization and international expansion strategy of KFC was the extensive competition in the domestic market. there were number of strong and renowned brands which have captured the US market with an extensive rate. The companies which give tough competition to the sustainability of KFC were Wendy's, Burger King, McDonald, Subway, Pizza Hut etc. (Phillips, 2006). There was also vast presence of other fast food suppliers in America. All such fast food chains and other domestic suppliers pose a strong competitive threat on KFC and its cu stomer base. Another key reason for having global expansion in China was that the host country did not have such kind of fast food restaurants and suppliers (Ambler, et al., 2008). Therefore, it gave an opportunity to KFC to have its recognized and powerful presence in Beijing. Thus, because of these reasons, the company has taken use of internationalization so that it can further expand its business and can maintain as well as increase its customer base and sales in the overseas regions. McDonalds In the year 1948, McDonalds started its journey in San Bernardino, Calif and from that point of time, the organisation started its expansion and by the year 1960, the company has almost 1000 stores in the entire US. The forts international store of McDonalds was established in the year 1967 in British Columbia. The company started expanding itself globally because of the reason that the domestic market was completely tapped by the organisation (Vignali, 2001). The domestic market became highly saturated for McDonalds which restricts the further growth and development of the organisation. The second major cause of going global was the increasing competition in the markets of US. Because of the high demand for fast food, there were established numbers of local and renowned fast food suppliers (Senauer and Venturini, 2002). The big names in the fast food market which give striving competition to McDonalds were KFC, Subway, Pizza Hut, Burger King, etc. Because of increasing competition a nd market saturation, the company planned to have global expansion (Cavusgil, Ghauri and Agarwal, 2002). The company was attracted towards performing business operations in overseas regions because of the reasons that there were very less fats food companies in the overseas regions as well as the number of competitors were also very low in the international markets. These reasons fetched the attention of McDonalds to have global expansion so that there can be further growth and expansion of the business and the company can attain higher number of customers, sales and revenues (Veseth, 2002). Multinational Strategy KFC KFC have taken use of a multinational strategy for its operations in the global and overseas regions. The company adopted localization under which there has been made several modifications in the food products for targeting the local and domestic individuals of the foreign nations. The reason behind adopting this strategy is that there are diverse consumer groups that have diverse tastes and preferences; therefore it is very much essential to target those customers by catering their needs and preferences (Rugman and Verbeke, 2004). Thus, KFC keeps on making changes in its products in its various international expansions such as laobeijing chicken roll for targeting Chinese market, double fillets burger for targeting the markets of Japan and bulgogi taste chicken for targeting the customers of Korea. Its shows that there is high level of modifications for attracting the customers in diverse overseas regions. McDonalds McDonalds have taken use of regional and localization trade strategy for having global business operations. McDonalds have its presence in almost all the small regions by having multiple numbers of stores. For example, to attract the markets of India and Indian customers, the company has restricted the use of beef in the burgers. This shows its localization strategy of business for having global operations. The company has also recruited local managers so that they can more effectively cater the needs of the domestic customers of international markets. The companies have made changes in its burgers and other products like McKroket for attracting the customers of Netherlands, Matcha Oreo McFlurry for attracting the customers of Japan and Black and White Burger for attracting the customers of HongKong, China. Similar to these, there are various other additions in the menu of McDonalds (Okazaki, 2004). There are several benefits of localization because of which the organisation have cho sen this strategy such as there is high availability of skilled and competent workforce which can understand the tastes and preferences of the local customers. Other advantages of localization include growth of facilities, low cost of labour, economic gains, effect market analysis, etc. Expansion Strategy KFC For going global and to have successful entry in the overseas markets, KFC have taken use of franchising. This international strategy can be explained as the arrangement of the one association i.e. franchiser gives another association i.e. the franchisee the rights for taking use of the business name, trademark or the various business processes and systems for producing and marketing the services and goods as per the certain specifications. (Koh, Lee and Boo, 2009). There has been paid a franchisee fee to the franchisor in return for the continuous support for the products upgrading and promotions, continuous training to the workforce, techniques for promoting and running the business operations, for standard dcor and design, for the product testing and for fast brand recognition. There were numerous reasons because of which KFC have chosen franchising as its international market expansion strategy. It comprises of the lower cost labor as in China there is extensive number of populat ion and so that the need for employment. Thus, the Chinese markets offer low cost labour to KFC. Another reason for franchising agreement for KFC was innovation challenge as the market of China does not have much fast food chains like KFC, so it gives an initial benefit of innovative food products in the Chines markets (Combs, et al., 2011). McDonalds For going global and to have successful entry in the overseas markets, McDonalds have also taken use of franchising. The company takes use of franchising because the overseas regions support the business operation initiated by the means of franchising as a foreign direct investment rather than acquisitions or merger. There were several advantages of franchising which McDonalds attained in its global expansions such as to capture a fresh and new market. Earlier, except US there were very fewer countries which have string presence of such renowned fast food chains (Nyadzayo, Matanda, Ewing, 2011). Thus, it offers an opportunity to the company to have its brand recognition in such markets which are deprived of such things. Another thing associated with franchising of McDonald was easy and flexible support from the financial institutions and banks. As the franchising agreement can have flexible support from these organisations. Therefore, by franchising, McDonalds maintained its brand va lue in numerous nations across the globe (Gillis and Combs, 2009). Culture and society KFC As per the Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, there are six main factors or dimensions of the culture of the society. From, the power distance dimension, China ranks very high i.e. almost at 80 which indicates that there is increased level of power distance among the subordinates and the superiors which shows that there are clearly established hierarchy in the society (McSweeney, 2002). From collectivist and individualistic dimension, KFC has its expansion in China where there is presence of collectivist culture. But in the home market of KFC i.e. United States there is more of individualistic culture. Therefore, KFC have to adopt a different culture so that it can have better and improved business operations in China. From masculinity and femininity dimension, the America and China ranked somewhat equally. China ranks 66 at this dimension which shows that the individuals are highly driven by achievements, competition and success. There is a tendency of keeping work before family and personal work. From uncertainty avoidance dimension, China ranks at 40, this shows that there is high acceptance of various ideas and thoughts (Hayton, George and Zahra, 2002). The society of China imposes huge rules and regulations but then also according to the situations, they are ready to have changes and modifications in the cultures, rules and regulations. Last i.e. from the long term or short term orientation, China ranks at 118 and it demonstrates that there is extremely long term orientation. There is a lot of time consumed in negotiation processes. The focus is over the long term results only (Stone, 2012). McDonalds To attract the collectivist culture of China, McDonalds have offered several combo meals in the restaurants so that there can be the interests of the societies and the individuals can be fetched. McDonalds also take use of appropriate hierarchy in its restaurants where there is clear lines of power distance is there among the superior and the subordinates (Michailova and Hutchings, 2006). The company takes use of a mix approach i.e. little standardization and localization so that the uncertainties can be avoided of diverse tastes and preferences. As there is masculine society in China, so the company offers effective and vast opportunities of employment to the Chinese people to have jobs in restaurants. People are more and highly concerned with the success and accomplishments, thus there are effective operations of McDonalds taking place in China (Pan and Zhang, 2004). Regulation KFC In international expansion through franchising, KFC had to face a number of FDI regulation and other related legal laws and rules related to labour laws, taxes, business regulation, ownership regulation, traffic and transport regulation etc. China has always been supporting towards the foreign direct investments (Hoffman and Preble, 2004). Therefore, the entrance of KFC in Chinese market was beneficial. There are also establishment of special economic zones in China, which are governed by several policies and regulations. Therefore, KFC regulate according to the laws and business regulations governing in China (Lee, 2003). McDonalds The operations of McDonalds in the international markets such as in China are governed by CCFA i.e. China Chain Store and Franchise Association. When McDonalds entered Chinese markets, it was initially functioned as company-owned and operated and later on as a franchisee. There were certain intellectual property laws which were to be followed by the company in order to have sustainable and successful business operations. In 1995, there were also Provisional Regulations upon the guidance for the foreign investments. Therefore, McDonalds also used to follow all those guidance and policies under the franchising agreement of McDonalds in China (Alon, 2006). References Alon, I. (2006). Market conditions favoring master international franchising.Multinational Business Review,14(2), 67-82. Ambler, T., Witzel, M., Xi, C., Zou, D. (2008).Doing business in China. Routledge. Cavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. N., Agarwal, M. R. (2002).Doing business in emerging markets: Entry and negotiation strategies. Sage. Combs, J. G., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Shook, C. L., Short, J. C. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of franchising: Past accomplishments and future challenges.Journal of Management,37(1), 99-126. Fenwick, C., Howe, J., Marshall, S. D., Landau, I. (2007). Labour and labour-related laws in micro and small enterprises: Innovative regulatory approaches. Gillis, W. E., Combs, J. G. (2009). Franchisor strategy and firm performance: Making the most of strategic resource investments.Business Horizons,52(6), 553-561. Hayton, J. C., George, G., Zahra, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,26(4), 33. Hoffman, R. C., Preble, J. F. (2004). Global franchising: Current status and future challenges.Journal of Services Marketing,18(2), 101-113. Koh, Y., Lee, S., Boo, S. (2009). Does franchising help restaurant firm value?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,28(2), 289-296. Lee, M. (2003). Franchising in China: Legal Challenges When First Entering the Chinese Market.Am. U. Int'l L. Rev.,19, 949. McSweeney, B. (2002). Hofstedes model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith-a failure of analysis.Human relations,55(1), 89-118. Michailova, S., Hutchings, K. (2006). National cultural influences on knowledge sharing: A comparison of China and Russia.Journal of Management Studies,43(3), 383-405. Nyadzayo, M. W., Matanda, M. J., Ewing, M. T. (2011). Brand relationships and brand equity in franchising.Industrial Marketing Management,40(7), 1103-1115. Okazaki, S. (2004). Do multinationals standardise or localise? The cross-cultural dimensionality of product-based web sites.Internet Research,14(1), 81-94. Pan, F., Zhang, Z. (2004). Cross-cultural challenges when doing business in China.Singapore Management Review,26(1), 81. Phillips, L. (2006). Food and globalization.Annu. Rev. Anthropol.,35, 37-57. Rugman, A. M., Verbeke, A. (2004). A perspective on regional and global strategies of multinational enterprises.Journal of international business studies,35(1), 3-18. Senauer, B., Venturini, L. (2005).The globalization of food systems: A conceptual framework and empirical patterns(Vol. 5, No. 1). Food Industry Center, University of Minnesota. Stone, A., (2012). Hofstedes 5 Cultural Dimensions for China, Retrieved on: 30th April, 2017, Retrieved from: https://alexnstone.wordpress.com/2012/01/14/hofstedes-5-cultural-dimensions-for-china/ Veseth, M. (2005).Globaloney: unraveling the myths of globalization. Rowman Littlefield. Vignali, C. (2001). McDonalds:think global, act localthe marketing mix.British Food Journal,103(2), 97-111. Wei, A., Cacho, J. (2000). Competition among foreign and Chinese agro-food enterprises in the process of globalization.The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review,2(3), 437-451.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Essays - Personality Tests,

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator One of the most enduring typological classifications was devised by Jung and has served as the foundation for the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Anastasi, 1997). The Myers-Briggs (MBTI) designates one's personality type, based upon a classification scheme, which consists of four basic scales and two types within each scale. Thus, there are sixteen possible Myers-Briggs personality types. The scheme is based upon the intuitions of Carl Jung, whose gifted insight revealed that all people at all times are best understood in terms of extroversion/introversion, sensation/intuition, and objective/subjective. The latter category has since been subdivided into two classes by revisionists: feeling/thinking, and perceiving/judging. Classifying people did not originate with Jung. In the middle of the fifth century B.C.E., Hippocrates explained the four temperaments in terms of dominant humors in the body: melancholic, sanguine, phlegmatic, or choleric. The melancholic, he claimed, was dominated by yellow bile in the kidneys, the sanguine by humors in the blood, the phlegmatic by phlegm, and the choleric by the black bile of the liver. Hippocrates was simply adding to the ancient Greek insight that all things reduce to earth, air, water and fire. Each of the four elements had its dualities: hot/cold and dry/moist. A persons physical, psychological, and moral qualities could easily be understood by his temperament, his dominant humors, the four basic elements, or whether he was hot and wet or cold and dry. The ancient personality type indicator worked for over one thousand years. Today, most of us have abandoned Hippocrates' personality scheme because we do not find it to have any meaningful use. In the early 1940`s, Isabel Briggs Myers and Katherine Cook Briggs began developing the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to make Carl Jung`s theory of human personality under-standable and useful in everyday life. The MBTI is based on Jung`s ideas about perception and judgment. The essence of the theory is that much seemingly random variation in behavior is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic differences in the way individuals prefer to use their perception and judgment. Perception involves all the ways of becoming aware of things, people, happenings, or ideas. Judgment involves all the ways of coming to conclusions about what has been perceived. The Educational Testing Service first published the MBTI as a research instrument in 1962. In 1977, its use began to multiply. The main aim of the MBTI is to identify from self-report, the basic preferences of people in regard to perception and judgment, so that the effects of each preference, singly and in combination, can be established by research and put to practical use. If people differ systematically in what they perceive and in how they reach conclusions, then it is only reasonable for them to differ correspondingly in their reactions, interests, values, motivations, and skills (McCaulley, 1995). At the heart of MBTI use is the belief that individuals have naturally occurring preferences for certain attitudes and approaches to the world as well as for certain modes of perceiving it and making judgments or decisions pertaining to it. These preferences should not be equated with abilities. Identifying one`s own preferences can be an aid in seeking work, relationships and so forth, whereby what comes most naturally to the person will be the very thing that will be the most demanded, desirable, appropriated, or appreciated. Understanding other persons` preferences can aid in communication and make working or living together more effective and satisfying (Carskadon, 1994). McCaulley and Myers (1985) state that the MBTI differs from other personality instruments in these ways: It is designed to implement a theory; therefore the theory must be understood to understand the MBTI. The theory postulates dichotomies; therefore some of the psychometric properties are unusual. Based on the theory, there are specific dynamic relationships between the scales, which lead to the descriptions and characteristics of sixteen types. The type descriptions and the theory include a model of development that continues throughout life. The scales are concerned with basic functions of perception and judgment that enter into almost every behavior; therefore, the scope of practical applications is very wide. The MBTI consists of four separate indices which direct the use of perception and judgment. The Myers Briggs model of personality is based on four preferences, which can be seen in Table 1. These preferences affect what people do in any situation and how they draw conclusions about what they perceive. The preferences are: 1. Where is your primary source of energy? (Introversion/Extroversion) 2. How do you prefer to take in information? (Sensing/Intuition) 3. How do you prefer to make decisions? (Thinking/Feeling) 4. How