Social Groups in American History Essay Example for Free

Social Groups in American History EssayAfter WWII women, African-Americans, Hispanics, and Whites either ensnare out to establish a set of desires and wants we call the American Dream. Not just to have money and be successful but to ensure that all men are equal, to have the freedom to do what we want and practice our beliefs, and to fight for policies in organization that benefit the good of our people. Throughout the American annals, we have been through many challenging measure in which these freedoms and desires have been tested. Nevertheless, through it all, these situations have made us stronger as a united nation and taught us what it really means to be American. During the contend women were encouraged to take jobs that men would do for the first clipping in history. To some it was a surp put on but to many it was a sign of the times. By 1942 a poll showed that only 13% of Americans disagreed with women in the workforce (Brinkly, pg.751) Many of them also joined a nd became warfare nurses in which they helped many of the men recuperate.Many women were super well at making war time products and took the place of men. During the war women foresaw many diverse opportunities and advancements in their lives. Even though there were many laws constrictive women from working(a) they still managed to come through for our country. (Gorn, pg.140) For once women were non just considered as a reproducer but as a producer it egotism. After the war the men had returned home and measures to push women back to how it used to be began. In 1945, 3/4 of the women surveyed by the Womens Bureau of the Department of Labor wished that they could continue working which showed their interests in the skills they obtained.(Brinkley, pg.752) Women were determined to push forward a claim their spot in society. This pushed for a new movement of better educated and stronger women. When African American soldiers returned they found a nation that still did not give them f ull rights, this caused a movement for the expansion of cultivated rights which had been born. Most contraband soldiers who had left their work jobs in the South decided not to come back home at all. Instead, they moved to cities, looking for employment that was related to what they had learned in the army. The civil rights movement was a time when blacks that were oppressed for several years, rose up against the odds to achieve their freedom.This movement stimulated a growth in the black migration to cities. On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks diversityd America forever when she was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a citybus. (Brinkley, pg.881) When Rosa Parks was asked to give up her seat to a white woman, she refused because she was annoyed with the treatment that African Americans received. She was later thrown in jail for disregarding the law. This conduct to an uprising and many protest against the judges action. Through unity, education and courage the African Americans claimed their independence. After WWII America it self became less influenced in religion. In the 1960s, many social critics had predicted the virtual extinction o religious influences in American life. (Brinkley, pg. 892)Religion during this time took a change rather then it being extinct more and more people began to turn to Christianity. From the 70s till the early 90s religious effort grew rapidly. When families that were in poverty began to rise up this led them into the growing middle class. America stated to see more time devoted to religious practices. This marked a new solution in American history. As apart of the growing middle class more families stated having extra income to support a growing family. America itself during this time became known as the baby boomer generation.At the peak of the baby boom, during the 1950s, the nation population grew by 20 percent. (Brinkley, pg.790) The baby boom generation was the issue in the rapidly growing economy in which a familys income was rapidly increasing. Also housing prices and the new GI bill made it easier for citizens to progress. all(a) over the U.S. white Americans were living the American Dream. During the early 1960s and 70s many citizens did not agree to why the U.S. was at war with Vietnam. Many men had no desire to be apart of the war.The Selective Service System, which was used to carry out the draft, had aspirations of directing soldiers into domains where they were most needed during wartime. (Brinkley, pg.870) The draft made it possible for government to supply the war with enough troops to protect our country. Many people took advantage of the draft systems postponement policies to avoid going past to war. Others refused to go or basically did not register. There were also people who left the country to escape the draft.Draft cards were burned publicly, schools walked out in protest of the war, and even special music events were used t o stop the war. With all this negative actions against the war, it was very hard for the soldiers to fight a war when their country did not support them for putting their lifes on the line. During the 60s Hippies were mostly defiant young people who sought for change in U.S. life style. Hippies experimented with many modernistic ideas for the 60s.The Hippie movement began in San Francisco in the 1960s. It was a different way to live life. Closely related to the New Left was a new early days culture openly scornful of the values and conventions of middle class society. (Brinkley, pg.856) The Hippie movement was a rebellious uprising which displayed efforts against war. Many Americans did not agree with the flower child way of life because of there beliefs of free sex, drugs, their image and their music. Migrant workers went through a lot of struggles. During the 60s for one person this struggle was enough to fight for. Cesar E.Chavez founded and led the first successful farm worke rs union in U.S. history. Caesar Chavez began with grape pickers in the town of Delano In 1965 and quickly gained converts in Californias enormous factory fields (Gorn pg.297) In September 1965, Cesars NFWA, with more than 1200 members, joined in AFL-CIO sponsored union in a strike towards the major Delano area table and wine grape producers. Cesar led a successful five-year strike-boycott to the millions of supporters to the UFW, United Farm Workers. He put together a nationwide support familiarity of unions, church groups, students, minorities and consumers. (Brinkley, pg.861).The two organizations merged in 1966 to form the UFW, and it became affiliated with the AFL-CIO. By 1970, the boycott influenced most grape growers to sign contract with UFW. Through out history we have seen many great examples and great role models that have changed Americas society greatly. African American, Hispanic, or even gender issues have all took a new approach and gained it independence buy fighti ng for freedom and prosperity. The American Dream has always been a set goal for Americans and as grand as we are democratic society we will fight for our rights and aim towards a better way of living.Works CitedBrinkley, Alan. American History, a Survey, Volume Two, one-twelfth Edition. Gorn, Elliot J. Constructing the American Past A Source Book of a Peoples History, Volume Two, Sixth Edition.

Integrative Network Design Essay Example for Free

Integrative web Design EssayRiordan Manufacturing is a global pliants manufacturer. Their products include plastic beverage containers produced in Albany, Georgia, custom plastic parts produced in Pontiac, Michigan, and plastic fan parts produced in Hang Zhou, China (UOPX, 2013, p. 1). Riordans research and increment is in San Jose, California (Corporate Headquarters). Riordans main customers atomic number 18 automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, beverage makers and bottlers, and appliance manufacturers (UOPX, 2013, p. 1).Team B and associates were task by Riordan to analysis Riordans WAN and add a radio receiver Ne twainrk to Riordan Manufacturing, also to analyze and update Riordans meshwork security in each of the locations and provide financial support for security policies and procedures. What is a radio receiver cyberspace and what be the benefits of deviation wireless. With the current wireless engine room, Wi-Fi is e verywhere one set up connect to the Internet by going to c makeee ho substance abuses, airports, hospitals, hotels, and homes. Businesses stinkpot stay connected to their coworkers and customers without being tied to their office desk by using wireless networks and Wi-Fi hotspots.radio receiver local- argona network (Wlocal area network) eitherows personnel to connect to their computers without wires or cables. A wireless network uses radio waves to connect and communicate within a certain area to mobile devices. If someone c any for a history mend attending a meeting in the conference room or one needs to access the inventory list from the warehouse. A wireless network allows one to access the unions Internet and retrieve documents on their mobile devises without leaving the meeting or going back to their office. Benefits of Wireless NetworkingThe benefits of companys going wireless include convenience, mobility productivity, and ease of set up, scalability, security, and co st. Mobile devices in todays society are equipped with Wi-Fi technology and able to connect to a WLAN. Convenience employees good deal access securely to their companys network resources from any location within their reportage area. The c every get inage area normally is the office building but is able to expand to other company facilities. Mobility employees are connected to the network when they are not at their office desk. People in meetings fanny access documents and applications with their mobile devices.Salespeople can access the companys network from any location. Productivity employees accessing their documents and applications are the come across to get the work done, and it encourages teamwork. Customers also make water access to the companys Internet using a secure guest access to view their disdain data. Ease of setup business do not confirm to run cables through the facilities, installation is quick and cost-effective. WLANs make it easier to for hard to clu tch locations to pack connectivity to the network. Scalability with businesses expand, companys need to expand quickly along with their network.Wireless network expands with the current animated equipment. tribute the success in imperative and managing secure access to a businesss wireless network is very important. Security managers must be knowledgeable with the advanced Wi-Fi technology and needs to provide vigorous security protections to protect their data, but whole giving permission to who need access. Cost businesses that operate with and WLAN, reduces wiring costs during office upgrades. How Riordan Manufacturing can use a wireless Networking Companys using a wireless networks are boosting productivity and encourage data information sharing.Employees can string throughout the building using mobile devices and still be possessed of constant access to documents, e-mails, applications, and other network resources required to do their jobs. Employees using wireless LAN can travel throughout the office building without losing Internet connectivity. Employees having a team meeting or in conference can have the near updated communications, including all documents and applications on the network. Voice over internet protocol (VOIP) technology also have roaming capabilities in their voice communications. alter responsiveness Customers require rapid replies to questions and concerns.A WLAN improves customer service or relationships by connecting employees to the data information. Better access to information WLANs allow businesss access to all areas in the building without any connectivity issues. WLANs are very effective in warehouses, manufacturing plants, and distribution centers. Employees can access inventories and providing straight figures in real time to management. Easier network expansion Businesses expanding and hiring new employees are easily added the network by the network administrator. Office furniture is easily move and employees are added or removed to/from the network without issues.Enhanced guest access WLANs allow businesses to provide secure wireless access to the Internet for guests or visitors. Hospitals, restaurants, hotels, coffee shops, and other public businesses provide WI-FI to all mobile devices. The IT administrator leave need to verify that all the desktop PCs already have the integrated Wi-Fi hardware installed or the PCs willing need to upgraded. Switching to a WLAN does not mean swoping changing from ones existing wired network. It is reciprocal for businesses to have a wired-wireless network that provides wireless capabilities to conference rooms or in new expanded office spaces.WLANs also supports VOIP for the conference rooms. IT managers should be aware of some of the technical aspects of WLANs. The WLAN network covers approximately about 3,000 square feet. The range of a wireless router could be affected by walls and cubicles, and the signals are hard to be received in elevators. Other issues IT managers should be made aware of include Wireless router is overlap surrounded by 15-20 users per each access point for data, 8-12 for VOIP VOIP quality, wireless routers need to be installed unairedr together Routers have enhanced coverage when they are installed on the ceiling.Security policies and procedures in a WLAN are very important to consider when establishing a wireless network. Security policies that need to be considered Data encryption substance abuser authentication Secure access for visitors Control frames. To prove that the design meets the data rate requirements, you need to calculate the required data head rate for all your networks. Backups over the network must move the data from all your clients, to your media servers fast enough to finish backups within your backup window.To calculate the data convey rate, use this formula Required network data transfer rate = (amount of data to back up) / (backup window) the chart below shows the typical transfer rates of some of the to a greater extent resent network technologies. Table Network data transfer rates (PowerTech. com, 2010, p. 1) Network TechnologyTheoretical gigabytes per hourTypical gigabytes per hour 100BaseT (switched)3625 1000BaseT (switched)360250 10000BaseT (switched)360025 Here is an example of how to calculate the required data transfer rate for your network (Symantec Corp, 2013, p. 1) Use the following assumptionsAmount of data to back up = 500 gigabytes Backup window = 8 hours Required network transfer rate = 500 gigabytes/8hr = 62. 5 gigabytes per hour Solution 1 Network Technology = 100BaseT (switched) Typical transfer rate = 25 gigabytes per hour A iodine 100BaseT network has a transfer rate of 25 gigabytes per hour. This network cannot cut through your required data transfer rate of 62. 5 gigabytes per hour. In this case, you would have to search other options, such as the following backing up your data over a faster network (1000BaseT), large server s to dedicated tape drives (SAN media servers), SAN connections by means of SAN Client.Performing off-host backups using Snapshot Client to present a snapshot directly to a media server that backups during a longer time window, performs your backups over faster dedicated networks such as solution 2 Network Technology = 1000BaseT (switched) and Typical transfer rate = 250 gigabytes per hour Based on the supra network table a single 1000BaseT network has a transfer rate of 250 gigabytes per hour. This network has much more capacity to handle the backups for this system. To build a backup system for you network you complete the following.The data transfer rates for your networks must be calculated in order to account your various problems and strength bottlenecks. (The latest breaking technological solutions for dealing with multiple networks problems and potential bottlenecks are readily available for installation. ) Once the data transfer rates required for your backups are calcula ted, the rate of transfer must be able to achieve a complete backup of all your data within the allotted time. Then you must determine the most efficient type of tape or disk technology is available to meet your companys particularized needs.Determine the specific number of tape drives needed and the required data transfer rate is going to be for your network. To set the backups needed for your network, (as before) you must move the data from all your clients, to your media servers fast enough to finish backups within your backup window. Then determine the size of your systems Netback up image database, exactly how much disk space will be needed to store your entire Netback up image database, the size of the Netback up relational database (NBDB), and the required space that will be needed to handle the NBDB.Then calculate how much media will be needed to handle some(prenominal) full and incremental backups, plus you must determine how many tapes will be needed not only to store, b ut also to be able to retrieve and keep your backups. The next step will be to prognosticate the size of the tape library your network needs to store your backups and if you need to use robotic library tape slots in order to store your backups. General Threats to Network and Information Security is the primary concern in e-business. The assets of the e-business operate and other electronic services should be protected in order to preserve theauthenticity, confidentiality, faithfulness and availability of the service. Administrators normally find that putting together a security policy that restricts both users and attacks is time consuming and costly. Many users in companies also dumbfound disgruntled at the heavy security policies devising their work difficult for no patent reason, causing bad politics within the company. A common attitude among users is that if no secret is being performed, and then why bother implementing security.Malicious attackers can gain access or den y services in numerous moods, for example with Viruses, Trojan horses, worms, password cracking, denial of service attacks, E- mail hacking, impersonation, Eavesdropping, Packet replay, parcel of land modification, social engineering, intrusion attacks, and Network spoofing. Attackers are not the only ones who can harm an organization. The primary threat to data integrity comes from authorized users who are not aware of the actions they are performing. Errors and omissions can lose, damage, or alter worthy data.Users, data entry clerks, system operators, and programmers frequently make unintentional errors that contribute to security problems, directly and indirectly. Some quantify the error is the threat, such as a data entry error or a programming error that crashes a system. In other cases, errors create vulnerabilities. Errors can occur in all phases of the system life cycle. Programming and development errors, often called bugs, range in severity from irritating to catastrop hic. Improved software quality has reduced but not eliminated this threat. foundation and maintenance errors also cause security problems. There are ways to keeping Riordan Manufacturing safety device from all these problems. One way to protect the company is by having Common Access Cards for all employees. With these cards it will have all the employees ad hominem Information and will also protect the employee from identity thievery of employees personal information. By having these cards the IT personal will know exactly who the one that utilize certain computer was and be able to know when they did it.By keeping track of when and where every employee logs in. It is known for human errors to be number one fortune for security side. almost of the hacking done by people has to do also because of a mistake of a worker. To reduce all of these things Training will have to be programmed to reduce human mistakes will on the job and after the job. Mobile phones are another threat to Riordan Manufacturing, because on that point are people that log on to the companies using their phones and many times they forget to close the account.By leaving this account open the company is vulnerable to hackers getting to the companies account and doing a great deal of damage. To prevent these types of things these part will have to be covered in Training through the company and the company will have to have all of their employees with a certain access to have a company phone and have them use only that phone to access the account if necessary. The phones will be protected at all times to make sure that no hacker is getting in to the account through these phones.Also if for some reason the employee wants to take action against the company and flop secret information through the phone this should also be known through the company. A replay attack occurs when a valid media transmission between two parties is intercepted and retransmitted for malicious purposes. SRTP used in c onnection with a secure signaling protocol protects transmissions from replay attacks by enabling the receiver to maintain an indicant of already received RTP packets and compare each new packet with those already listed in the index.Many hackers like to do Spoofing, and this occurs when the attacker determines and uses an IP address of a network, computer, or network component when not authorized to do so. A successful attack allows the attacker to operate as if the attacker is the entity normally identify by the IP address. The largest threat in the Promises study was undocumented or unsecured USB devices. About 13 percent of the surveyed endpoints had them. This isnt just a theoretical concern. A 2005 northern Group survey found that 37 percent of the companies surveyed believed USB devices were used to compromise corporate information.Another way the company will be protected from is from unaccredited peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing programs that are often forbidden by compan y policy, 4 percent of the surveyed computers had such applications installed. This problem is getting worse. Not only are more peer-to-peer networks making their way onto corporate networks, but computer criminals have started using them to compromise and take over computers wholesale. Also cyber-attacks are costing the U. S. economy an estimated $8 billion a year.How much money is going from Riordan Manufacturing? This is a problem that has to be taken care of by reducing Human Errors since this is the largest threat to IT Security. Since Most breaches in critical corporate data are not the result of malicious intent. They are the result of mistakes made in the way security is managed and assemble across the business especially at the network level. All of these problems are not only costing the company also nearly nine one thousand thousand U. S. residents are victims of identity theft each year.The SOX requires publicly traded companies to secure information systems to the ext ent necessary to ensure the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting. (PowerTech. com, 2010, p. 1) Companies must now take into consideration that IT well trained and educated security support teams must be brought into the process to provide protection any leaks or intrusion in order to meet the complaisance deadlines. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley toy have had the highest impact on Information Technology and Security.The IT related issues that cause problems for SOX compliance in the context of Section 404 are generally related to access control of system users. (PowerTech. com, 2010, p. 1) Without adequate access controls in place, users can perform functions/activities that are in conflict with their job responsibilities are to modify/corrupt financial data. Controls to initiate/record unauthorized transactions commit fraud and cover their tracks. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act in some ways comes off very vague and open to interpretation leaving companies unsu re how to handle compliance.The best way to start is to identify significant and potential high risk problems when going through the process, identifying specific systems, data processors, and control links whose integrity could be compromised. Once these problems within the network have been identified, effective controls must be implemented to address these deficiencies, to record their regularity and frequency, and to evaluate them to ensure that the proper set of controls is kept in place protecting system integrity. The Bill was introduced (and named for) sponsors Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and U. S. Representative Michael G.Oxley (R-OH), as a reaction to a large number of various scandals that had exposed excessive awry(p) doing in the corporate world, costing investors billions of dollars and many companies to collapse. The act contains 11 titles, or sections, ranging from additional corporate board responsibilities to criminal penalties, and requires the Securities and Ex change Commission (SEC) to implement rulings on requirements to comply with the law. (SOX-online, 2012, p. 1). The Constructing new data base network for Riordan Manufacturing will have to take all SOX rules, regulations and requirementsinto consideration at each step along the way in order to stay within the guidelines of the law. General Threats to Network and Information Security is the primary concern in e-business. The assets of the e-business services and other electronic services should be protected in order to preserve the authenticity, confidentiality, integrity and availability of the service. Administrators normally find that putting together a security policy that restricts both users and attacks is time consuming and costly.Many users in companies also become disgruntled at the heavy security policies making their work difficult for no discernible reason, causing bad politics within the company. A common attitude among users is that if no secret is being performed, and then why bother implementing security. Malicious attackers can gain access or deny services in numerous ways, for example with Viruses, Trojan horses, worms, password cracking, denial of service attacks, E- mail hacking, impersonation, Eavesdropping, Packet replay, packet modification, social engineering, intrusion attacks, and Network spoofing.Attackers are not the only ones who can harm an organization. The primary threat to data integrity comes from authorized users who are not aware of the actions they are performing. Errors and omissions can lose, damage, or alter valuable data. Users, data entry clerks, system operators, and programmers frequently make unintentional errors that contribute to security problems, directly and indirectly. Sometimes the error is the threat, such as a data entry error or a programming error that crashes a system.In other cases, errors create vulnerabilities. Errors can occur in all phases of the system life cycle. Programming and development errors , often called bugs, range in severity from irritating to catastrophic. Improved software quality has reduced but not eliminated this threat. Installation and maintenance errors also cause security problems. There are ways to keeping Riordan Manufacturing safe from all these problems. One way to protect the company is by having Common Access Cards for all employees.With these cards it will have all the employees personal Information and will also protect the employee from identity theft of employees personal information. By having these cards the IT personal will know exactly who the one that used certain computer was and be able to know when they did it. By keeping track of when and where every employee logs in. It is known for human errors to be number one risk for security side. Most of the hacking done by people has to do also because of a mistake of a worker.To reduce all of these things Training will have to be programmed to reduce human mistakes will on the job and after the job. A replay attack occurs when a valid media transmission between two parties is intercepted and retransmitted for malicious purposes. SRTP used in connection with a secure signaling protocol protects transmissions from replay attacks by enabling the receiver to maintain an index of already received RTP packets and compare each new packet with those already listed in the index.Many hackers like to do Spoofing, and this occurs when the attacker determines and uses an IP address of a network, computer, or network component when not authorized to do so. A successful attack allows the attacker to operate as if the attacker is the entity normally identified by the IP address. The largest threat in the Promises study was undocumented or unsecured USB devices. About 13 percent of the surveyed endpoints had them. This isnt just a theoretical concern. A 2005 Yankee Group survey found that 37 percent of the companies surveyed believed USB devices were used to compromise corporate informatio n.Another way the company will be protected from is from unauthorized peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing programs that are often forbidden by company policy, 4 percent of the surveyed computers had such applications installed. This problem is getting worse. Not only are more peer-to-peer networks making their way onto corporate networks, but computer criminals have started using them to compromise and take over computers wholesale. Also cyber-attacks are costing the U. S. economy an estimated $8 billion a year. How much money is going from Riordan Manufacturing?This is a problem that has to be taken care of by reducing Human Errors since this is the largest threat to IT Security. Since Most breaches in critical corporate data are not the result of malicious intent. They are the result of mistakes made in the way security is managed and configured across the business especially at the network level. All of these problems are not only costing the company also nearly nine million U. S. re sidents are victims of identity theft each year. The importance of explicit enterprise security policies and proceduresare necessary in a structured network as we currently have in Riordan Manufacturing Inc. and in any other establishment whereas you depend on sending and receiving data over the internet. If no security policy boundaries would be taken seriously, each and one of us would be leaving ourselves vulnerable to malicious computer hackers, corrupted information sent on emails such as Trojan horses, viruses etc.. As a growing company, we want to protect and ensure that personal information is not compromised and that company policy security awareness procedures are taken.Once a year all employees at Riordan will be required to complete an online assessment of standard procedures for computer use at the facility. If there are any suspicious cyber crime activities occurring, it shall always be reported immediately to the corresponded employees supervisor. Mobile work station s have been limited to company issued wireless devices inside the premises, excluding personal cell phones, smart phones, Mp3 players, portable media players, Laptops, tablets, USB drives or external hard drives.All data is classified and is set into four diverse categories restricted/proprietary, confidential, sensitive and public. Employees must act appropriately, to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information unless if you have been authorized to access it, if it is utilized as a true(a) business need or shared with other company employees, then it is considered acceptable to the Riordan security policy. Our proposal of upgrading the current switches to the 24 port Meraki Cisco switch and the addition of MR24 Cisco access points will benefit the security policy of networking operations.The Network Security options, Firewalls (2013) website, both pieces of hardwares have built in firewall management which will assist the network from intruders degrading our system. The purpos e of a firewall is to secure the in house network and from non-trusted networks, by blocking content off the internet. Also knows as a choke point, a firewall provides a particular point of contact, enabling users to browse the internet from approved resources located internally or outside the network.It appears as a solitary address to the open public, providing the user access to the non-trusted network through SOCKS, proxy servers and from network address translation (NAT), while keeping the internal networks address private. This technique minimizes impersonating or cyber attack less likely because the firewall maintains the privacy of your internal networks (Network Security Options, Firewalls, 2013).Although firewalls can be limited to what it can protect, such as files that contain file transfer protocol (FTP), telnet amongst the other possible ways of data corruption but it will not ineluctably protect them depending on specific destination of the information being transmit ted and if the user decides to encrypt the data. When using wireless technology, this can bring several risks to the Network, because hackers can access any unencrypted wireless devices or access points. Having a Wi-Fi protected network will minimize the chances of anyone breaking into the system.

Politics Essays Charismatic Politics Leader

political science Essays Charismatic Politics LeaderCharismatic Politics LeaderCharismatic Leadership and its Effect on Politics in HistoryThe role of personal appealtic leadership in modern political history endure be considered a controversial topic. The subject has well-nigh recently scratch round in regards to Democratic Senator Barack Obama, and his campaign for the American Presidency, but can also been seen in smaller contexts globally. In some respects, charisma seems difficult to define or explain.In theory, it would seem that if one should implement the appropriate policy and micturate difficult decisions at the right time, they should succeed in political science. It appears that this is not always the case, and that charisma does play a vital role in politics.Robert A. Caro said in his biography of Lyndon Johnson, You only prevail to look at the crucial moments in the history of our time to see how crucial it was to have a leader who could inspire, who could ra lly a nation to a standard, who could infuse a country with confidence. (Caro) It seems that charisma is an important aspect of cosmos a political leader, yet defining and explaining exactly what makes the person so appealing, inspiring and veritable is not easily delineated.Early sociologist Max Weber defined charisma as one of the three ideal types of authority, and rested upon a kind of witching(prenominal) power and hero worship. This definition was considered unsuitable for modern times, and its use became metaphorical ultimately becoming a synonym for heroic or popular (Zernike). This leads us to the questions examined in this paper to what extent is charisma necessary in politics and what are the positive and negative effects of a leader holding charisma as a political figurehead?It is the belief of some that there is a high risk of charismatic leaders to be all have words and no real answers of way. The charismatic leader seems to thrive in times of crisis or national hardship. Arthur M. Schlesinger referred to a new mood in politics in the 1960s, in which there was dissatisfaction with takeicial forwardities and concerns with the character and objectives of the nation. It appears that this is the very same climate that supporters of Barack Obama feel now. It is here that the proposed negative effects of a charismatic leader come into play.Some feel that Obamas messages of hope and change are only talk, and lack serious substance and real answers on policy changes that would be undeniable to make said transformations. He speaks loudly and clearly and crowds flock to him like bees to honey. Many blindly follow a man who will lead them to monstrous waters. They fall for his words and not the policies he is going to use to run the nation (Woerner).Since charismatic leadership typically results in gruelling, unchallenged levels of obedience, there is also the risk of weak minded individual followers that do not employ their individual thought pr ocesses and are blindly agreeable (12-Manage). This can unvarnished into a more serious problem and can result in group think, especially in politics, where there is the need for constant re-evaluation and intriguing of ideas. In politics, it is imperative to examine all angles constantly, as major decisions made for a country can be life or death and have an impact on the citizens lives directly.On a smaller scale, the recent provincial election in Alberta exhibited some key issues pertaining to charismatic leadership. Alberta has been a strong forward-looking Conservative province, in which the party has held power uninterrupted since 1971. The most recent reign of leadership has been under Ralph Klein, who was Premier of Alberta from 1992 through 2006. The retirement of this eagle-eyed standing leader has brought about some issues pertaining to charisma and their place in politics.Ralph Klein was an outspoken leader, who eventually developed an overwhelming rapport with Alber tans, his approval rating being 77% at the end of his run as Premier (Markusoff). The eventual devotion and loyalty of Albertans to Klein brings forth the issue of emotions and feelings of the voters towards the candidate superseding the importance of being certain about current issues and platforms being addressed by the candidate. Thomas Lukaszuk, Conservative MLA commented on this issue You know, strong feelings in politics are dangerous, You want intelligent voters to vote on policies and on merit, not whether they hate or love an individual in a party or a leader (Markusoff).This leads us to the question of whether the majority of voters are actually informed on current issues, or if they tend to cast their ballot based on their personal feelings of the candidate. The Progressive Conservative party, currently headed by Ed Stelmach, won by an impressively substantial amount in the recent election that occurred in Alberta on work on 3, 2008.Many felt that the new candidate hel d little charisma or ground-breaking ideas compared to his predecessor, Klein. Dave Khalon said of Stelmach Everythings just formatted. I see him on TV, and he just reads off the script. But nobody else seems to stick out, either. Khalon admitted that he planned to vote Conservative in the election because of family tradition and his fondness of the partys prior leader, Klein (Markusoff). This leads us to consider that it is a very real chess opening that Ed Stelmachs win had little to do with his abilities and ideas as a candidate, but the charisma of the prior leader and the lack of some other inspirational candidates as alternatives.A major problem in current politics is voter apathy, which could be partly attributed to a lack of inspirational candidates. This said, too much emphasis on the charisma of candidates can be viewed as a downfall in politics, leading to naive voters. Some voters seem to be placing a great deal of weight on the record of the candidate rather than th e campaign platforms and plans, which, in theory, should be the sense of the campaign.The largest risk is posed by what is sometimes referred to the black hat of charisma. What this essentially encompasses is the use of charismatic power for self-serving purposes. The more charisma a potentially dangerous leader possesses, the greater the risk to society. This is emphasized because the base for charisma is emotional rather than logical or rational (Daft). Jerry Wofford says of this risk If a persons values are destructive, insane, then the more charismatic the leader, the worse off you are (Tenenbaum).Unfortunately, these types of leaders have existed throughout the history of politics and continue to exist in present day. Adolf Hitlers reign as fuhrer of the German Reich is a prime example of what can happen when power is in the wrong hands, and the accelerated negative effects that can occur if that person exhibits any sort of charisma that has the potential to be used for the wr ong purpose. As mentioned, charismatic leaders seem to come about in times of crisis, as was the case with Hitler. Germanys economy was in a precarious emplacement after World War I and Hitler wooed the German people with his charisma, promising to fix the problems and make everything better.Meanwhile, he had his own agenda, which was elimination of all people he didnt think met the criteria of ideal (Shay). This turn of events ended up being one of the greatest tragedies in modern history. More recently, charismatic leadership was exhibited in Osama bin Laden and his terrorist group al-Qaeda. In this case, the group was considered more of a cult, where brainwashing tactics were used. Charismatic power was used at the forefront, during recruitment of members to the group.The recruits were commonly young idealists, recruited under the facade of liberation and Islamic beliefs, initially unaware of the real commitments of the group. The underlying concept that is common of those fall ing under the category of cults, or alternately the black hat of charisma is when a charismatic leader increasingly becomes an object of worship as the general principles that may have before sustained the group lose their power (Ross).This leaves the dangerous charismatic leader to their own agenda. The values that the people originally stood for become irrelevant and the situation becomes personality driven. Ultimately, it is a risk that will always be prevalent pertaining to charismatic individuals. This risk is driven even higher with an uninformed, easily influenced society of voters.The only possibility of mitigating this risk is for each individual to stay as informed as possible and look for the warning signs of a leader that possesses ulterior motives. Charisma can be seen as an ingredient in a recipe for disaster, based on the charismatic leaders that have been prevalent in recent history.The other side of this story starts with uninformed, uninspired citizens. It is the view of some that these individuals need a charismatic leader to light a fire under them and get them believe that the political process is not just a big waste of time. This is especially prevalent in Americas youth, in which approximately a quarter of the eligible population actually makes it out to vote (Dashek).Even if a candidate has a strong position and ideas, they may be viewed as the typical uninspiring politician if they do not have the charisma to bring their campaign and ideas to life and get the general public excited about the proposed changes. Barack Obama and rival democratic candidate Hillary Clinton have the similar stands on a large portion of their policies. Gabe Pressman says She claims experience.He promises change. As the race for the Democratic nominating speech for president intensifies, the differences in policy between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama seem less than the images they project and their shortcut slogans. (Pressman) It seems then that it comes down to charisma as a deciding operator in what will set them apart, and the ability to reach and inspire those that most need inspiration.It is the belief of some that Barack Obama will be able to provide a balance of substance and inspiration to the American people. Tom Butcher, a sophomore at the University of St. Louis says In contemporary politics, it is not enough to have merely mode or substance alone. Mere substance will have no one caring about your policy (think Al Gore). Style alone leaves the reasonless impression of an incandescent bubble. Obama is in the unique position of offering the combination (Butcher).From the views examined above, the conclusion can be reached that charisma is a necessary element in politics, but can be extremely dangerous in the hands of the wrong leader. It has been noted that the general public needs to be aware of the substance behind the charisma in order to cast an informed ballot.It is also crucial that voters separate their personal feelings of the candidate from the facts behind the policies in order to make an informed decision. Skepticism is actually an important quality for voters to bring into play to ensure the initial issues are being focused on, and that the leader is not unfirm the focus to ulterior motives. Finally, it was noted that although charisma brings about many risks, it is necessary in a political figurehead in order to inspire the people. load-bearing(a) the people to get involved and believe in something is the only way to avoid voter apathy in a political environment where majority rule is undeniably underutilized.Works Cited12-Manage. Charismatic Leadership (Weber). 3 March 2008 .Butcher, Tom. Charisma in Politics Not an Empty Promise. Student Life 27 February 2008 1.Caro, Robert A. The class to Power. New York Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1982.Daft, Richard L. The Leadership Experience. Mason, OH Thomson South-Western, 2005.Dashek, Ryan. Apathy is Unacceptable for American youth vote. The Da ily Cardinal 18 February 2008 1.Markusoff, Jason. Charisma Gap mires parties. Edmonton Journal 20 February 2008 2.Pressman, Gabe. Gabes View allow Charisma Carry the Day? WNBC 18 February 2008 1.Ross, Rick. Cult Education and Recovery. November 2001. 9 March 2008 .Shay, Virginia. The Virtual Voice. 6 March 2008 .Tenenbaum, David. The Character of Charisma. 15 July 2004. 20 February 2008 .Woerner, Tom. Helium.com. 3 March 2008 .Zernike, Kate. The Charisma Mandate. The New York Times 17 February 2008 2.

Factors Which Are Affecting Health

Factors Which Are Affecting HealthThe social determinants of health consists of various factors that determine health and substantiallybeing, for instance, socio-economic factors, genders, cultures and education (McMurray, 2010). Some groups of muckle be healthier than others. at that place is a relation between income and health, as well as they are strong predictors of health. People with low economic status have poor education, unemployment, melodic phrase insecurity bad working conditions and lower class jobs (Marmot, Foege, Mocumbi Satcher, 2008). It affects the access of healthy environments and appropriate medical care facilities (Dew Matheson, 2008). In New Zealand, there is a epochal disparity in health between the Maori and non-Maori people of Aotearoa New Zealand. Maori people and pacific people are highly vulnerable to ill health and disabilities. Maori fatality rate range are approximately double as compared with European New Zealanders rate (Dew Davis, 2005). However, numerous surveys found that Maori have similar or lower rates of hospitalization than other New Zealanders in spite of their higher demand of treatment. This shows that financial conditions affect not only production but also employment of health care. (Ministry of Health, 2002). The poor health status of Maori may due to poor economic circumstances. Maori people aged between 45 historic period and 64 years are more likely to die than others in this same age in New Zealand (Dew Matheson, 2008). Ine quality in life expectancy and the risk of expiry rate are signifi sesst health inequality. The gap in life expectancy between Maori and non-Maori increased to 10 years. The early death rate in Maori population is mainly related to occupational class. More Maori people are doing unskilled works than others and it can cause higher risk of early death (Dew Matheson, 2008).Nursing work should be organised according to demands of whanau rather than the needs of offerrs. Nur ses must recognise, understand and remove financial, cultural, geographical, physical barriers for reducing inequalities in health. Economic barriers are unsafe working conditions with little jobs, unemployment, inadequate housing, crime, high disparities in income and wealth. Participation and encouraging them with proper support at all levels of the health and disability welkin can improve their status. Maori participation should be ensured in planning, development and delivery of health and disability services (King Turia, 2002). Therefore, they must get appropriate and effective breast feeding care. Moreover, Maori should be ensured with development and workforce enhancement. Nursing services should be culturally appropriate. Maori health models should be used for caring Maori. Build and recognize values of Maori models of health and traditional healing, for example, massage, herbal remedies and spiritual care. They want services that reflect Maori cultural values. Nurses must provide workplace education, health promotion and clinical services to note the work place and its employers safe and healthy. They need high levels of communication skills, understanding of interpersonal and government standards and legislation. Plunket nurses provide family parenting support in community (McMurry, 2010). Treaty of Waitangi protects the rights of responsibilities of Maori. Therefore, it flash backs in equalities in health in New Zealand ( McMurray, 2010).The government introduces strategies to decrease inequality in health status. They are New Zealand Health Strategy as well as Health and Disability Strategy. This strategy makes sure accessible and appropriate care services for people from lower socio- economic group including Maori. It helps to identify and provide care according to their health needs. The Ministry of Health provides nutritional guidelines and policies for New Zealanders to address nutritional needs. Maori and Pacific people are the groups, who have the poorest health status in New Zealand. Improving the quality of health education programs focused at Maori can improve their status. Encourage the Maori health providers to participate in health instalment and organization of smoking cessation programs. Increase mental health services for Maori. People with poor health often find to get a advantageously job. Health status determines socio-economic position. The main disability services are income support, disability allowance, accidental compensation, antidiscrimination legislation as well as education and support services for people with disabilities, inveterate illness and mental health illness living in the community (King Turia 2002).The government and the Ministry of Health provide key priority to reduce health disparity among Maori. Encourage Maori health providers to build Maori models of health. The New Zealand Disability Strategy pointed out the demand to remove the barriers like discrimination among Maori with disabilities. Improve the result of trained Maori clinicians, health professionals, managers, community and voluntary worker and researchers in order to strengthen the health and disability sector. Improving the skills of the Maori health and disability workforce can reduce inequality in health. Publicly funded hospitals and primary health care organisations have started to identify and meet the needs of Maori. Now many hospitals have Maori and whanau units, as a result they get better care and culturally safe treatment. District health boards are working with primary health care and it plays a significant role in reducing health inequalities (King, 2002).Smoking is significantly prevalent among Maori in New Zealand. Many Maori women die early due to smoking related to illness at greater than others. There is no decrease in the smoking percentage among Maori for the last five years. There are many psychological factors that are associated with smoking. Depression and anxiety are cl osely related with smoking. Depression can cause smoking, whereas, addiction of smoking can lead to depression. enatic influence is another causative factor for smoking. If parents are smokers, children will be more vulnerable to smoking. Researchers found that, these children have four fold risks than other children. dangerous tendencies, low self esteem, poor body image, low socio-economic status, and lack of academic performance at school as well as poor quality of life are also influencing factors for smoking. The psycho-social conditions of adolescents and their behaviour decisions can cause depression and risk winning behaviours (McMurry, 2010). In New Zealand, 42% smokers are Maori. These indigenous people with low levels of education, employment and home ownership are more vulnerable to smoking. People who have prolonged mental stress are also having a high risk of smoking. Many youngsters start to smoke as an experiment. Finally they gets addicted to these substances. Sm oking can cause severe health problems like lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pneumonia and asthma. Passive smokers are also more vulnerable to lung cancer. When women smoke during pregnancy, it can lead to intra uterine death and deliver a tike with low birth weight (MOH, 2008).In conclusion, Maori have poorest health status in New Zealand. The socio- economic determinants of health are responsible for health equalities. business firm ownership and property ownership are low in Maori than others. Therefore, salary is the main source of income for them. Labour market is a significant income for them. The low income negatively influences their health. The government introduced New Zealand Health Strategy to reduce inequality. This essay discussed about current nursing practice taking initiation to reduce this disparity. Moreover, Risk taking behaviour such as smoking causes many problems and psychological factors related with smoking.

Impact of Bullying and Interventions

Impact of Bullying and InterventionsKelli PiperataI. IntroductionHarassment and bullying in schools is non given the attention that is needed to correct the problem. In the article, low Violence, A Neglected horizon of School Culture, David Dupper and Nancy Meyer-Adams bring attention to the issues that educatees face due to bullying and harassment. In this essay, I will aim to demonstrate the assorted types of bullying, the impact it has on students and steps that posterior be taken to implement change within schools to correct these deviant behaviors.II. Bullying in SchoolsBullying in schools is a form of harassment that includes psychological and physical deviant behaviors towards opposite students. Some forms of this bullying include social, physical, cyber and verbal abuse. According to the article, A Neglected Aspect of School Culture, there argon different reasons for students beingness harassed by other students. For females this can be because they argon pretty enou gh, or they are not dressed in the style of clothes that is currently the trending fashion. For boys there can also be multiple reasons for peer harassment such as, not being a part of a sports team and not having received strengths that other male students whitethorn have.III. Other Forms of HarassmentBullying can take on different forms of harassment that is not always by fellow students. Peer sexual harassment is another issue that students face this form of harassment is broadly speaking directed to the female student. Unwanted sexual comments, spreading rumors, grabbing a student, sexual jokes and gestures are some of the common forms of sexual harassment. Moreover, these actions can make a student self-conscious, uncomfortable and embarrassed, and not want to attend classes. A bigger issue with peer sexual harassment is that numerous students that are perpetuating these acts feel that they are not doing anything wrong, that it is a part of school life. Another disturbing i ssue is that there are teachers and personnel who witness these acts and yet they do nothing to reprimand the students that are par victorious in these deviant acts.Another form of bullying can be directly attributed from teachers. This is a psychological form of abuse however, it has been taken to physical levels as well. Teachers are in a position of authority and sometimes that authority role has taken advantage of by the teacher. on that point have been incidences of teachers mistreating students by employ fear mongering tactics that include yelling, threatening, and embarrassing students in front of others. In addition, there are some cases where teachers also physically battered students by smash them or grabbing them forcefully.The sexual orientation of students seems to be one of the prime targets of harassment by fellow peers. A student who is gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender often are targets of prejudiced fears of others. There is often physical and verbal out l ashes towards these students, and often teachers and faculty do nothing to intervene or protect the victims in these situations. According to the reading, many times teachers, guidance counselors harbor the same feelings and may also act out on these feelings in the same manner as the students perpetrating these acts.Religious, cultural and racial bullying are also forms of harassment seen in schools. Students that do not share the same dominant religious ideologies can be targeted and ridiculed by other peers and persons of authority. Additionally, cultural differences are also a problem for students. Students and teachers who believe that the culture of others is perhaps weird or wrong are looking at it from a perspective of ethnocentrism. Furthermore, racism is also a part of bullying. Individuals who see someone that does not share the same skin color or has dissimilar features and bounce these notions onto other students is racial intimidation.VI. How Does Harassment Affect St udentsStudents are affected in numerous ways due to low-level violence. In some cases, harassment can cause a student to take their own life, in other cases these victims can pushed so far that they retaliate and cause extreme harm upon others. Although taking their own life or inflicting harm on others may be extreme, they still in fact happen. However, there are less extreme implecations that are much more common for victims of bullying. Some of these effects may shape the rest of their lives, such as low-self-esteem and students dropping out of school. Additionally, students that are harassed may withdraw from their studies and feel isolated from social activities. This in effect hurts students outcomes on their grades as well as their overall experiences both socially and academically. Hazler (1994) stated thatTheir grades may suffer because their attention is being drawn away from learning. Being repeatedly victimized may push even good kids to extremes, such as kickoff fights or bringing weapons to school to exact vengeance on their tormentors, and even students and adults who are witnesses are affected in that they must deal with the lowered self-esteem and expiration of control that accompanies feeling unsafe and unable to take action. The result is children and adults who do all they can to avoid recognizing when someone else is being hurt.V. How to Implement ChangeThere are a number of ways to implement change within the school systems. One way is for parents, teachers and faculty members to not tolerate these types of behaviors. When they witness an exclusive bullying or harassing a student they should intervene and take the appropriate actions to stop this from reoccurring. In addition, teachers and faculty members should attend workshops that are properly educating professionals on how to deescalate and get across these situations. Overall, the change must come from the culture within the school, in order to achieve this, school should embrace and promote diversity, positive reinforcements and a no border approach towards individuals who choose to perpetuate acts of bullying and harassment.VI. ConclusionBullying and harassment is a growing problem within schools that is not being addressed properly. Students are not the only ones that are perpetrating these acts, school faculty are sometimes also ones that are guilty of these behaviors. The victims of low-level-violence are often faced with negative and long impacts including low-self-esteem and sometimes victims seek out retaliation against their perpetrators. There are ways to implement change and create a diverse atmosphere for schools but certain guidelines, techniques and procedures need to be put in place for faculty and teachers.ReferencesDavid R. Dupper, Nancy Meyer-Adams. Low-Level Violence, A Neglected Aspect of School Culture. Jeanne H. Ballantine, Joan Z. Spade. Schools and Society. Thousand Oaks, California Sage Publications, 2015. 200-208. Print.

The Role of Teiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex Essay -- Oedipus the K

The Role of Teiresias in SophoclesOedipus Rex (the King) Teiresias uses his psychic abilities to foreshadow the anguish and destruction that Oedipus will encounter after he learns the truths of his life. Teiresias is also liable for further developing the theme of blindness by using his own physical blindness to reveal to Oedipus his mental blindness. Lastly, Teiresias is ultimately responsible for imposing striking irony because of his great knowledge of the truth of Oedipus. In the converge, Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, the minor character of Teiresias is responsible for foreshadowing Oedipus fate, developing the theme of blindness, and also illustrating dramatic irony. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex, the character of Teiresias is developed in such a way that he utilizes many dramatic devices in order to reveal information and move the play along. As a fortuneteller, Teiresias is able to see the fate and destruction of Oedipus life. Teiresias uses his great ability to reveal to th e reader the downfalls in Oedipus life that will soon snuff it because of his quest to know his fate. The character of Teiresias demonstrates the use of foreshadowing in order for the reader to be aware of Oedipus fate. You can not see the wretchedness of your life, Nor in whose house you live, no, nor with whom. Where are your father and mother? Can you tell me? You do not even know the blind wrongs that you have done them, on hide and in the world below. But the double lash of your parents curse will whip you out of this land some day, with only night upon your precious eyes. Your cries accordinglywhere will they not be heard (Sophocles, 403-410)? This passage foreshadows the destruction and misery that will be a part of Oedipus life... ...Bowra, C. M. Sophocles Use of Mythology. In Readings on Sophocles, modify by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1997. Segal, Charles. Oedipus Rex Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. sweet York Twayne Publishers, 1993. Sop hocles In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. New York Penguin Books, 1992. Professors Comments When quoting, the final punctuation should come after the parentheses not inside the quote. I say that you live in shame with those most dear to you. You can not see the evil (Sophocles, 353-354). You have a strong thesis statement and you thoroughly discuss your thesis points within your paper. Your first two paragraphs should be do into one paragraph for a better introduction.

Effect Of The Environment On Western Settlers Essay -- essays research

Effect of the Environment on Western SettlersAs the country grew and expanded, the American great deal where always oneto push their bounds. In 1763, we proudly, defied Englands proclamation of theyear, and settled west of the Appalachian mountains. A little later, thewestward people pushed Indians, animals, and society to a office where noAmerican person had gone before. But all the while, one important factordetermined where they transported themselves, where they settled, and what theydid when they got there. This factor, the environment, profoundly affected thesettlers way of life, and other factors, such as the Indians and the railroad,only aggravated a pre-existing condition.The settlers of the late 1800s had only one way to get to the west-along the pre-existing routes established by the courier-de-bois, Spanishsettlers, and the Indians of the past. These routes, which flowed through theonly passable areas of the Rockies, naturally led to Oregon and California,which cause d an increase in the population of these regions at the time. Thesetrails, such as the Oregon Trail to the north, the Mormon and Spanish Trail tothe south, and the California and Overland trails in between were very rough andbumpy, making the trek no easy task.On the home front, the environment played an important role on thefamily life as well.. Women had a more prominent role in society as w...